Corso di Laurea in Tecniche di Laboratorio Biomedico - Torino

To impart knowledge of best sites for venipuncture and ethical, professional ethics, hygiene, and safety rules. To impart knowledge of psychological aspects related to disease and hospitalization during life. To transmit the main principles of pharmacokinetics and cellular and molecular pharmacology; to deepen the concepts of drug-receptor interaction and response. To give the basics of galenical preparations in pharmaceutical field .

Students will:

The course is made up of 4 modules, with a total of 72 hours of lectures split in the following manner:

Technical sciences of venipuncture: 24 hours of lectures, 22 of which consist in traditional frontal lectures supported by  projection of slides and 2 hours of practical training in mannequin room.

Psycology applied to venipuncture techniques: 24 hours of traditional frontal lectures supported by projection of slides.

Pharmacology: 24 hours of traditional frontal lectures supported by  projection of slides.

Techniques of drug preparation for hospital use: 24 hours of lectures, 22 of which consist in traditional frontal lectures supported by the projection of slides and 2 hours of practical training in laboratory.

Learning outcomes will be assessed by written examination according to the following modalities:

Technical sciences of venipuncture: 5 multiple choice questions, each of themwith 4 possible answers, one of which is correct (1 point for each correct answer, zero points for each incorrect answer), plus 5 open questions (0-2 points); total test score: 15; minimum number of points to obtain: 9

Psycology applied to venipuncture techniques: 20  multiple choice questions, each  with 4 possible answers, one of which is correct (1 point for each correct answer, zero points for each incorrect answer); total test score: 20; minimum number of points to obtain: 12

Pharmacology: 20  multiple choice questions, each  with 4 possible answers, one of which is correct (1 point for each correct answer, zero points for each incorrect answer); total test score: 20; minimum number of points to obtain: 12

Techniques of drug preparation for hospital use: 30  multiple choice questions, each with 4 possible answers, one of which is correct (1 point for each correct answer, zero points for each incorrect answer); total test score: 30; minimum number of points to obtain: 18

If it is not achieved  the minimum number of points in  a module only but at least 50% of the total point score, it is possible to recover the failure by an oral examination (two questions, score in 30ies).

If  student does not achieve minimum number of points in only one module, but scores 50% of total test points, the failure will be recovered through an oral examination (two questions, score in 30ies).

The final mark is calculated in 30ies and is the weighted average of the marks on the 4 modules. Fractional numbers will be rounded up if above 0.5

Pharmacology module: Two optional exercise hours will be proposed to get practice in solving pharmacokinetics problems. The activity will be carried out by the teacher assistant with all the students (in one group).

Technical sciences of venepuncture

• Outline of the anatomy of the main venues of venipuncture,
• The techniques of venipuncture
• Actions or behaviors that can interfere in the preanalytical
•  Principles of asepsis and antisepsis and safety
• First aid with careful observation of signs and symptoms
•  Laws and regulations on specific diagnostic tests
• Quality and risk management related to the practice of venipuncture
• Hints of deontological ethics.

Psycology applied to venipuncture techniques

• The Psychology: definition, contents and orientation
• Applied Psychology to analysis techniques
• The Psychology: definition, contents and orientation
• The behaviour and the personality
• The life cycle
• The cognitive aspects: perception, attention, memory, thought and intelligence
• The emotional aspects: emotion, feelings, defence mechanisms
• Learning processes
• Communication
• The subject and the illness
• Psychological aspects of recovery
• Principles of the help-relationship
• Communication techniques in the help-relationship

Pharmacology

• Mechanisms of drug passage through membranes: first- and zero-order pharmacokinetics;
• Advantages and disadvantages of the most common routes of drug administration; the meaning of bioavailability; how as the choice of the routes of administration affects the curve of a concentration-time graph after a single drug administration;
• Distribution of drugs and factors affecting it. Definition and calculation of the “apparent volume of distribution”;
• Metabolism of drugs; renal and biliary excretion;
• Definition and calculation of “half-life” and “clearance” (by each organ and systemic);
• Calculation and meaning of “Area under the curve”
• Repeated drug administration regimen:  concept of drug accumulation and steady state
• Mechanism of drug action: drug-receptor interactions. Relationship between drug concentration and concentration of drug-receptor complexes;
• Definition of drug-receptor affinity and dissociation constant;
• Relationship between drug concentration /dose and biological effect; dose-effect curves, determination of ED50 (effective concentration for 50% response); definition of drug- efficacy and potency; drug therapeutic index: definition and calculation.
• Definition of drug receptor agonist, partial agonist, competitive reversible and irreversible antagonist;
• Modification of response curve for the agonist by the competitive reversible or irreversible antagonist.

Techniques of drug preparation for hospital use

• current Pharmacopoeia,
• Good manufactoring of medicines in pharmacies.
• Galenic formulations, magistral and officinal products, quality control of magistral and galenic medicinal products, orphan drugs
• liquid dosage forms (suspensions, emulsions, solutions); characteristics, methods of preparation and quality control tests.
• solid dosage forms (powders, powder papers, capsules, tablets); characteristics, methods of preparation and quality control tests.
• topical semi-solid dosage forms (creams, gels, ointments, or pastes); characteristics, methods of preparation and quality control tests.
• -sterile preparations: parenteral preparations, aseptic preparation, water for injections, sterilization, sterilization methods with heat with gas, with radiation.
•  centralized Pharmacy Unit for cytotoxic drugs in accordance with Italian legislation; Guidelines 1999.